The Bargaining Process
This is an overview of the union’s democratic decision-making process, steps involved in a successful contract campaign, and an information overview on strikes.
How do we make democratic decisions in Student Workers of Columbia?
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At least twice a semester, SWC is required to hold GBMs, also called Membership Meetings. Every member in good standing is eligible to attend and vote in GBMs.
Although our bylaws require us to hold at least two GBMs a semester, in practice, we usually hold more, especially during high-stakes periods like the run-up to a strike or during bargaining.
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The bargaining committee is a special temporary committee that members elect when we submit our intent to bargain with our employer.
BC consults members on demands, article language, and bargaining strategy at GBMs and in weekly open BC meetings (find links on our calendar). Sometimes, the bargaining committee must make on-the-fly decisions during a bargaining session. In that case, they will call a caucus, where members pause a bargaining session to weigh in on time-sensitive decisions.
Caucuses are also scheduled right before bargaining sessions to finalize GBM-approved contract language and make last-minute decisions. As of Summer 2026, all member votes directing bargaining decisions are advisory-only, the bargaining committee is very responsive to member feedback but they ultimately have final responsibility for bargaining decisions.
Bargaining is accessible to members in good standing. During bargaining, only the bargaining committee may speak, but every member in attendance can watch in order to make informed decisions while caucusing.
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SWC has a number of working groups and committees. Committees are elected roles and enumerated in our bylaws. Working groups are unelected and can be launched as need arises. See the list of our most active working groups here. Any member can join any committee or working group; however, in committees, only elected members may vote.
Committees, like “CommComm” — our communications committee — tend to have specific functions that keep the union running; for example, by managing this website and sending member emails. Working groups tend to develop expertise on certain topics that then become campaigns and/or contract articles. For example, our Healthcare Working Group reviews health fund applications and drafts healthcare contract article language for the full membership to approve before we put it forward in bargaining.
Our Organizing Committee (OC) is a particularly important committee, tasked with coordinating department-level outreach and running card campaigns to grow our membership. All members are encouraged to participate in the Organizing Committee meetings and initatives to help mobilize our fellow workers so we can have effective votes, rallies, and strikes. Participation in this committee is the best thing a rank-and-file member can do to help us reach a strong contract quickly.
Committees and working groups hold their own internal votes to make everyday decisions. For example, comm comm votes internally to approve email drafts before we hit send. On the other hand, if a committee or working group wants to make a bigger decision, they will hold a vote. For example, the Healthcare Working Group agendized a GBM vote to approve a healthcare contract article.
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Because we are an academic union, our workplace issues often differ from department to department. Additionally, we believe unions operate most effectively when every member has a designated point person to consult as problems arise. That’s where stewards, District Coordinators, and Department Organizers come in.
Stewards are elected by clusters of departments called “districts.” For example, “Humanities,” “Natural Sciences,” “Social Sciences,” and “Professional Schools” (among others) are all districts. Each district elects its own stewards. Stewards have no special voting powers but do have additional responsibilities. They help process grievances.
Department organizers are unelected “helpers” in your department. Many stewards are department organizers and vice versa. It is common for department organizers to schedule department meetings, forward information to group chats, and schedule one-on-ones with members to solicit feedback.
District coordinators are elected to help oversee department organizers.
A very small number of votes work differently.
A very small number of votes work differently.
Strike Authorization Votes (SAVs) – these are formal votes that allow the bargaining committee to initiate a strike and are regulated by the National Labor Relations Act. See below for more information
Tentative Agreement votes – “tentative agreements,” or “TAs,” are contract language that both the employer’s and union’s bargaining teams agree to. Once both sides agree on contract language (called “reaching a tentative agreement”), it doesn’t automatically become a collective bargaining agreement (CBA). Instead, the National Labor Relations Act requires union members to vote to accept the tentative agreement. It is possible for the full membership to vote not to accept a tentative agreement the bargaining committee reached with the University, even if members who participated in the caucus approved the TA. When that happens, we go back to the bargaining table until we can reach a tentative agreement that our union votes to approve.
Bylaws Amendments – this is our union equivalent of amending the Constitution.
Elections — elections for major positions, such as the Bargaining Committee, take place via email instead of in a GBM.
Read more about these special votes in our bylaws.
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The EB is empowered to approve financial expenditures, handle administrative tasks between GBMs, and generally provide guidance and oversight to union operations to keep us on track. See our executive board members here.
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Prior to our last contract expiration: Our membership, organized through working groups, developed a list of grievances and needs for the bargaining unit.
Start of negotiations: We announced our intention to collectively bargain for a new contract with Columbia. This process formally began a month before our last contract expired in May 2025.
Writing contract articles: The bargaining committee, with the advice of working groups and general body meetings, develops proposed articles.
General Body Meeting (GBM) Approval: Prior to bringing forward contract articles, they are discussed in General Body Meetings and open to a vote.
Ad-hoc polls of general membership: Since not all members can attend GBMs, some important or controversial demands may be asked about in a poll to gauge support. These results of these polls are respected by the bargaining committee.
Bargaining meetings: The bargaining committee and Columbia meet to present and discuss contract articles. According to our bylaws, these meetings should be available to all members regardless of location. However, Columbia refused to allow these meetings to be available to zoom observers, so we needed to move forward with a compromise where these meetings occur off-campus in rooms large enough to allow in-person observation by rank-and-file membership.
Counter-proposals: Columbia and SWC discuss the demands in meetings, and then exchange counter-proposals based on these discussions and the previous proposal. SWC uses GBMs, ad-hoc polls, working group advice, and the best judgement of the democratically elected bargaining committee to determine appropriate counter-proposals.
How do we deal with delays or standstills at the bargaining table?
Rallies: Rallies are a show of the collective power of the union to encourage Columbia to negotiate in good-faith to avoid a strike. The effectiveness of rallies is proportional to the number of students who attend, so it is important for all available student workers to participate. Please join these demonstrations and encourage your friends and colleagues to join.
Unfair Labor Practice (ULP) complaints: The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) reviews complaints about bad-faith bargaining and unfair practices. Columbia and SWC have both filed ULPs against the other in this contract campaign.
Calling for a strike (see sections below)
Tentative agreements: These are articles that Columbia and the SWC have come to an agrement on at the table. Sometimes SWC will decide to withdraw an article for the sake of bargaining a better outcome for other articles.
Once Columbia and SWC have come to a tentative agreement on all articles, the contract will go to a general body vote for approval. No contract will be implemented without a full body vote to approve it.
Preparing for a strike
While the bargaining committee hopes that a strong contract can be agreed to at the table, it is very likely that a strike will be necessary for an acceptable contract. Strikes are a normal part of the collective bargaining process, and our peer graduate student worker unions often will strike before the University agrees to a fair contract.
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According to Article 50 Section 1 of the UAW Constitution, a “strike vote” is required for the International Executive Board to grant authorization for a union local to go on strike and provide strike pay. For the vote to pass, “all members [within the bargaining unit] must be given due notice of the vote to be taken and it shall require a two-thirds (2/3) majority vote by secret ballot of those voting.”
In short, a successful Strike Authorization Vote is required if a union local believes that it cannot win its demands at the bargaining table and with other collective labor actions, and may need to go on strike to achieve them. A successful SAV means that we can decide to go on strike at any time.
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According to the UAW constitution, a two-thirds majority by secret ballot of those voting is required to authorize a strike.
In 2020, we held an SAV with 1833 Yes votes out of 1910 total votes. In 2021, after one bargaining session, we held an SAV with 1804 yes votes out of 2038 total votes.
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Strikes are called by democratically setting a strike deadline and then voting for the BC to call a strike if Columbia does not meet our demands. Membership has control of all decisions related to beginning, continuing, and ending a strike. According to our bylaws, decisions concerning the beginning, continuation and end of unit-wide strikes will be taken by a union member-wide secret ballot vote initiated at a General Body Meeting (GBM) of which all members shall be given due notice. These secret ballot votes shall be conducted virtually and distributed in a unit-wide email, though only full members in good standing are eligible to vote. For more details on strike procedure, see Article 16, Section 11 of our bylaws.
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Yes! We had a successful vote in the spring where 91% of voters approved a strike on our current demands. Despite this overwhelming support, our parent union United Auto Workers (UAW) expressed concern with the percent of members in our bargaining unit and the number of permissive subjects in our articles.
Due to these concerns, we plan on having another member-wide vote in the near future when we have a greater proportion of members in our unit.
Striking
Striking means collectively withholding labor. In the UAW, strikes are governed by the UAW Constitution, including Articles 12, 16 and 50. We will add more information that is specific to our union local if we vote to authorize a strike.
For now, here’s what you need to know.
Striking means withholding labor. This may look different in different departments, especially depending on whether you’re providing teaching or research labor.
Our bylaws mandate that we hold weekly strike votes beginning the first week of a strike to determine whether to remain on strike. This means that we will not agree ahead of time on how long to strike – we will decide each week whether to continue.
You are expected to withhold teaching or research labor only, meaning you do not necessarily need to strike on all labor for the University. For example, grading, working in the writing center, or acting as rapporteur for a University Seminar are all examples of labor you are expected to strike on. Jobs at the circulation desk at the library or federal work study programs do not need to be struck on because they are not teaching or research labor.
In the past, we have told student workers in labs that they should continue working on their dissertations but stop other lab work, for example, by ceasing to work on new grant applications. However, because the boundary between dissertation research and research for your PI is fuzzy, many members are re-evaluating this guidance; it is possible each lab will come up with their own guidelines on which labor to withhold. How we can effectively strike on research labor is an ongoing conversation, and we encourage you to discuss this in your departments. You can participate in the decision-making process around this question at Workplace Councils and GBMs.
During the last strike, we held one picket each weekday, with pickets rotating across Columbia campuses, and members were asked to sign up for a couple picketing shifts a week or request a no-questions-asked waiver to access the strike fund. Most unions schedule pickets to last 2-4 hours and ask members to take shifts.
In 2021, the University made very few concessions until the eighth week of our ten-week strike. We won many of our core demands in the last week of the strike. It is possible we will need to strike for a similar length of time or longer.
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Many members understandably wish to know how striking will affect their finances. The good news is that you will have access to multiple forms of financial support during a strike, and we do not expect most members to experience any significant financial loss.
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An employer has a legal right to withhold pay from striking workers for the days that they were on strike. Columbia has not withheld wages from salaried workers in past strikes. In the event that they do withhold pay, striking workers who spend 10 hours per week on the picket line will become eligible for the UAW strike fund on the 8th day. This does not mean the strike fund will not cover the first week; the first week, as well as any future weeks, will be covered as long as the strike lasts over 7 days. The UAW strike fund currently pays $275/week. Workers with costs in excess of that amount will also be able to draw on a separate hardship fund administered by SWC workers.
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A strike is a coordinated stoppage of work to make an employer meet the needs and demands of workers. In our case, TAs, RAs, and others stop paid work (grading, teaching, and research) across the university. All together we represent over 3,000 workers that contribute to education and research at Columbia. Striking sends a clear message that Columbia University relies on our labor and that we can no longer continue without a fair and meaningful contract. Historically, for other unions and in this union, strikes have been a key successful strategy to getting worker needs and demands met.
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We hope that the administration will agree to our demands in order to avert a strike. In the event we do have to strike, if the administration remains intransigent a strike could go on for some time until we reach an agreement that the unit votes to ratify. Our last strike lasted for 10 weeks.
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The law protects our right to strike. Since the 1970s, thousands and thousands of RAs and TAs across the US—including here at Columbia in 2004, 2018 and 2021—have engaged in lawful strike activity without being fired. Beyond these legal protections, mass participation is our best protection since it makes it difficult to single out anyone even if Columbia did contemplate such an extreme action.
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International students have the same rights as US citizens to participate in union activity. Visa requirements in no way compromise your right to belong to a union that represents you in a US workplace. It is illegal for Columbia to retaliate for protected activity. Thousands of international student workers across the United States have struck and been otherwise active in their unions for more than 40 years, including here at Columbia. Administration’s anti-strike campaigns often target international students because their visa status makes them more vulnerable, but you are protected. Over the last five years, no graduate student worker union has reported any complications among their members arising from the dual status of being both an international student and a unionized employee.
At this point, we have no reason to believe that the federal government is targeting international students based on normal labor union activity.
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You would not have legal or academic protection if you refuse to go to your own classes. Student workers should continue their academic progress while striking; refusing to attend your classes as students is not legally protected.
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Ultimately, our working conditions are our students’ learning conditions: the contract provisions we win through striking will make Columbia a better place to teach and to learn.
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A partial strike consists of you doing part of your TA/RAship work and striking on the other part and would be unprotected by labor law.
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Work/research that is absolutely necessary for your dissertation progress is academic work that you may continue. We want to be sure that any action allows the maximum number of people to participate with maximum impact on Columbia. The overall goal here is to strike on our paid work to pressure Columbia in bargaining, not delay our dissertation work. Conversely some grad workers will have to complete the bare minimum necessary to maintain their own research (e.g., tending to animals or live cultures) while refraining from other lab work.
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You are not obligated to tell anyone about the strike, but you can and should talk to them. Ideally, they will tell the administration to bargain for a fair contract.
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Strikes are more effective when there is large participation. It is important that we stand together if we need to strike, and show solidarity with each other. Our union will not penalize members who do not participate in a strike.
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There are UAW funds to support workers on strike, as well as crowdsourced funding. This means strikers can and will get paid in the event that pay is docked. During our strike in April 2018, over 1,500 of our colleagues from across the university participated. In the event of a strike that lasts more than seven days, and if Columbia exercises its right to stop paying those who strike, all striking workers would be eligible to receive strike pay from the United Auto Workers (the national union we are affiliated with) of up to $275 per week for the duration of the strike. We could also raise money independently for those who would face extreme hardship in a strike (e.g., those with dependents). In order to qualify for the strike benefits, workers are asked to perform strike duty, such as picketing.
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The decision by the National Labor Relations Board that granted our collective bargaining rights, defined members of our union as all undergraduate and graduate student employees performing instructional services and graduate employees performing research service.
As stated in the NLRB decision, these titles could include, but are not limited to: “All student employees who provide instructional services, including graduate and undergraduate Teaching Assistants (Teaching Assistants, Teaching Fellows, Preceptors, Course Assistants, Readers and Graders): All Graduate Research Assistants (including those compensated through Training Grants) and All Departmental Research Assistants employed by the Employer at all of its facilities, including Morningside Heights, Health Sciences, Lamont-Doherty and Nevis facilities.”
Organizing Resources and Flyers
This page will be continually updated with organizer resources related to our campaign for a just contract. Check this section regularly for FAQs, explainer docs, outreach email templates, and flyers and graphics.
Helpful resources:
Key links for bargaining (regularly updated at linktr.ee/swcolumbia)
Bargaining proposal tracker (which articles we’re bargaining over)